Bangladesh has achieved pharmaceutical self-sufficiency following the implementation of the National Drug Policy of 1982. Local manufacturers now meet approximately 98 percent of the country’s medicine demand, exporting to about 150 countries. The pharmaceutical industry has emerged as a significant contributor to Bangladesh’s economy, accounting for around 1.8 percent of the national GDP. With over 300 companies producing allopathic drugs, 206 firms manufacturing Ayurvedic medicines, and 44 companies focusing on herbal products, the sector has become a key player in the country’s industrial landscape.
Despite its success, the pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh is currently grappling with a critical issue stemming from aggressive marketing tactics. Allegations suggest that pharmaceutical companies are spending substantial amounts on gifts, honoraria, foreign trips, and conferences for various healthcare professionals and sales staff. This practice not only fosters unnecessary competition and escalates drug prices but also raises ethical concerns regarding undue influence on healthcare providers.
Although the industry operates on a large scale, regulatory oversight in Bangladesh remains inadequate. The Directorate General of Drug Administration (DGDA) currently oversees drug approvals, registrations, inspections, and pricing. However, due to the industry’s political connections and influence, effective regulation has become challenging for the DGDA.
To address these challenges, there is a pressing need to elevate the DGDA to a full-fledged commission led by a high-ranking official. This transformation should be accompanied by modern organizational structures, independent pay scales, recruitment of qualified professionals, and training opportunities. Such reforms would enhance the regulatory body’s capabilities to tackle current industry issues effectively.
Furthermore, drug pricing should be handled independently of the DGDA. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, as mandated by the 1982 drug policy, is responsible for setting prices for essential medicines. However, the lack of regular price revisions has led to commercial challenges, discouraging companies from manufacturing these crucial drugs. Establishing a formula-based pricing mechanism under government supervision would ensure affordability and curb excessive marketing costs passed on to consumers.
In line with international practices, Bangladesh should establish an independent authority for drug pricing, similar to India’s National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority. This approach would depoliticize pricing decisions, ensure regular updates, and promote stability for both drug companies and consumers.
Industry leaders must also play a proactive role in curbing aggressive marketing practices. By adopting sustainable marketing strategies and fostering internal accountability, companies can maintain profitability while safeguarding public health interests and industry sustainability.
Failure to address these issues could not only impact profits but also jeopardize public health and the overall well-being of the population.