Forensic laboratories play a crucial role in the criminal justice system by providing accurate scientific evidence that can impact legal cases significantly. Despite their importance, Bangladesh faces challenges in fully utilizing forensic science due to outdated technology, lack of infrastructure, and systemic inefficiencies.
The National Forensic DNA Profiling Laboratory (NFDPL) at Dhaka Medical College Hospital is the primary facility in Bangladesh for forensic investigations but is hindered by outdated equipment and a shortage of skilled staff, leading to delays in processing cases. As of late 2024, nearly 789 cases were stalled due to delays in obtaining DNA test results.
The legal framework in Bangladesh, including the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), the Evidence Act, and the DNA Act, supports the collection and admissibility of forensic evidence. However, practical challenges, such as the lack of infrastructure and outdated laws, have hindered the effective application of these regulations.
Recent court cases, like BLAST vs. Bangladesh and Jatiyo Mahila Ainjibi Samity vs. Bangladesh, have highlighted the importance of DNA evidence in legal proceedings, emphasizing the need for timely and accurate forensic analysis.
While the DNA Act of 2014 was a step forward in establishing guidelines for DNA profiling, it lacks crucial safeguards for informed consent and privacy protection, raising concerns about misuse and wrongful convictions. Experts recommend reforms to align the law with international best practices.
To address these challenges, the government approved amendments to the Women and Children Repression Prevention Act in March 2025 to establish specialized Tribunals and additional DNA labs. However, experts argue that more comprehensive efforts are needed to meet international standards, including setting up more fully equipped forensic labs across key regions and enhancing training for forensic and legal professionals.
Investing in modern forensic laboratories, enhancing legal frameworks, and building capacity in forensic science can improve the efficiency of the criminal justice system in Bangladesh, ensuring timely justice for victims and strengthening public trust in the judiciary.